Phonology

PHONOLOGY

 Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural languages, It is related to other aspects such as phonetics, morphology, syntax, and pragmatics.

http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsPhonology.htm

Phonology is the science of speech sounds including especially the history and theory of sound changes in a language or in two or more related languages.

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/phonology

The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/phonology

phonology, study of the sound patterns that occur within languages. Some linguists include phonetics, the study of the production and description of speech sounds, within the study of phonology.

http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/457313/phonology

1.  What is the difference between phonetics and Phonology? 

PHONETICS	PHONOLOGY
Phonetics deals with the production of speech sounds by humans, often without prior knowledge of the language being spoken.	Phonology is about patterns of sounds, especially different patterns of sounds in different languages, or within each language, different patterns of sounds in different positions in words .
Phonetics has some subcategories, but if not specified, we usually mean the "articolatory phonetics" that is "the study of the production of speech sounds by the articulatory and vocal tract by the speaker".	Phonology is about establishing what are the phonemes in a given language, i.e. those sounds that can bring a difference in meaning between two words.
Phonetic transcriptions are done using the square brackets, [ ].	A phoneme is a phonic segment with a meaning value.
Phonetics refers to audible sounds. It involves what actually happens in the mouth, throat, nasal and sinus cavities, and lungs in order to produce sounds.	Phonology focuses on the physical production of sound as well as the meaning behind it. Basically, phonetics refers to sound and phonology refers to meaning.

2.  Identify 3 goals of phonology.

• to investigate the structure of speech,  how it functions linguistically in the languages of the world.
• to gain practical experience in producing and transcribing speech patterns of any language.
•  to segment the continuous flow of sound into discrete, identifiable,  and recurring units, thus matching the native speaker's intuitive phonetic abilities; 
•  to make a complete inventory of the sounds of a language; 
•   to describe each sound in terms of its articulation and acoustics; 
•   to describe the elements of pronuciation besides the sounds (the suprasegmental elements). 

3.  Define this words:  Phoneme, Letter, Digraph, Consonant cluster, allophone.

Phoneme:

The smallest sound unit in a language that is capable of conveying a distinct meaning, such as the s of sing and the r of ring. Is represented between slashes by convention 

Example:

/b/, /j/, /o/

Letter:

a written element of an alphabet

 Digraph:

A pair of letters representing a single speech sound, such as the ph in pheasant or the ea in beat.

Consonant:

 is a speech sound that is not a vowel. It also refers to letters of the alphabet that represent those sounds: Z, B, T, G, and H are all consonants

Consonant Clusters:

A consonant cluster (sometimes known as a consonant blend) is a group of consonants that appear together in a word without any vowels between them. 

4.  How many phonemes of English vowels are there?  Give an example of each.

5.  What is the stress of a word?  Mark the stress of the following words by underlining the syllabus. 

 is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence.

Table - Happy - Geographic - Revelation - Photography - Critical - Greenhouse - Understand

Importance of linguistic as a teacher

I consider that is important that we know the root  of the language, in linguistic we can find the different ways to understanding this roof,  and how language influence  in the development in a community.

As a teacher we can teach the different  ways of communicate, understanding the language not only like the being of talk, we can express something in different way, for examples sounds, signs, gestures and the most important thing, is the  receptor understand the message thar the emisor need to understand.  The goal of linguistic is that we improved our language skills.

How the human acquire language?

Everything is a process, sometimes fast but in other occasions slow. How we acquire language?, that  is an interesting question.

When we were children, even when you are in the womb, you are learning,  listening some rarely sound. Them, you born and in this moment you begin to learned. Acquire the language  begin to linsten. As time passes you learn different word, but something that is important stand out, is that this learning process dependes on the context.

I have to clarity  before to continue is that language is not only talk, is more than that; is speech,  sounds, sign, gestures and different ways to understand things.

The imitation is the first step to approaching at language, we listend sounds, word and them imite it. But  this is produced with examples, out first teachers (our parents) teach us pointing the object in order to recognize the element and associate with one word. When we were children acquire aproximately 300 words, but when we are adult we are going to learn  more than 15000 expressions, phrase and other.

The second step is learn to write, first you adquire the basic forms of the alphabet, in order to associate one letter with another and we can develop our differens skills during this process. It is  a relationship between observation, experimentation  ang enforcement .

"The beginning of knowledge is the discovery of something we do not understand" Herbert Frank