Syntax

Terms	Definition
Syntax	In linguistics, the study of the rules that govern the ways in which words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences. Syntax is one of the major components of grammar. http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/syntax.htm
Grammar	the structure and system of a language, or of languages in general, usually considered to consist of syntax and morphology. http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/
Parse Tree	is an (ordered, rooted) tree that represents the syntactic structure of a string according to some formal grammar. In a parse tree, the interior nodes are labeled by non-terminals of the grammar, while the leaf nodes are labeled by terminals of the grammar.  http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Parse_tree.html
Noun Phrase	A noun phrase includes a noun—a person, place, or thing—and the modifiers which distinguish it. http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/nounphrase.htm
Verb phrase	A verb phrase is the portion of a sentence that contains both the verb and either a direct or indirect object (the verb’s dependents).  http://examples.yourdictionary.com/verb-phrase-examples.html
Sentence	(Linguistics) a sequence of words capable of standing alone to make an assertion, ask a question, or give a command, usually consisting of a subject and a predicate containing a finite verb. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sentence
Determiners	Determiners are words like the, an, my, some. They are grammatically similar. They all come at the beginning of noun phrases, and usually we cannot use more than one determiner in the same noun phrase. // http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/adjectives-determiners.htm a word, such as a number, article, personal pronoun, that determines (limits) the meaning of a noun phrase,Articles, Possessive Adjectives, Other determiners// http://www.thefreedictionary.com/determiner
Adjectives	An adjective is a word that describes, identifies, modifies, or quantifies something (a noun or a pronoun). Are generally used in the order: quantity-->opinion-->size-->age-->shape-->color-->origin-->material-->purpose.  http://www.enchantedlearning.com/grammar/partsofspeech/adjectives/
Adverb	a word or group of words that serves to modify a whole sentence, a verb, another adverb, or an adjective; for example, probably, easily, very, and happily respectively in the sentence They could probably easily envy the very happily married couple. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/adverb
Noun	A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea. Nouns are usually the first words which small children learn.  A noun can function in a sentence as a subject, a direct object, anindirect object, a subject complement, an object complement, anappositive, an adjective or an adverb. Types Of Nouns Proper Nouns, Common Nouns, Concrete Nouns, Abstract Nouns, Countable Nouns, Non-Countable Nouns, Collective Nouns http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/nouns.html
Pronoun	Pronouns are small words that take the place of a noun. We can use a pronoun instead of a noun. Pronouns are words like: he, you, ours, themselves, some, each... If we didn't have pronouns, we would have to repeat a lot of nouns.  Types of pronouns: Personal, Demonstrative, Possessive, Interrogative, Reflexive, Reciprocal, Indefinite, Relative, Pronoun Case. http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/pronouns.htm
Prepositional Phrase	A phrase that consists of a preposition and its object and has adjectival or adverbial value, such as in the house in the people in the house or by him in The book was written by him http://www.thefreedictionary.com/prepositional+phrase.
Auxiliary Verb	Auxiliary Verbs are the verbs be, do, have, will when they are followed by another verb (the full verb) in order to form a question, a negative sentence, a compound tense or the passive. http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/auxiliary-verbs
Verb	The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and express actions, events, or states of being. The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of a sentence.